UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT SYSTEM

In this case I will explain about the system of government the United States, where there are similarities with the system of government in Indonesia, namely the democratic state. Furthermore, according to the 1787 Constitution amended sebayak 27 times, then the core of the United States Government System are : United States is a union state / federal republic capital in Washington DC which has 50 states. While the governance system adopted is a Presidential System of Government. American President is the head of state also serves as head of government. 

There is a clear separation of powers between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches called "Separation of Power Theory" is derived from the teachings of the Trias Politica (Montesquieu) distinguishing power in the state are divided into three branches of power:

·         Executive 

      Implementing power law Dipengang executive power by the President is selected by masyrakyat. President served as head of government and head of state. President and vice president elected through a general election, so it does not provide accountability to Congress but if the president declared perform heavy violations (high crimmines and misdemeasnors) and crimes against the state or legal activities such as: murder, grand corruption, betrayal, etc. then the president can be dismissed / impeached (impeachment).

·         Legislatief: power up / make the Law
Legislative power is in the so-called parliament or congress (congress). Congress consists of two rooms, the Senate and House of Representatives. Senate members (representatives of state) representatives each state per each two people so the numbers there are 100 senators. While the House of Representatives (DPR) is determined based on population. 

·         Judiciary

      The power that oversees the implementation of the Act and provides for penalties for violators of the Act, It is intended for the realization of checks and balances so that no power is too dominant. Judicial power is in the hands of the Supreme Court (Supreme of Court) free and independent and can not be influenced by other powers. 

System district
The system is based on the location of the constituency, not based on population. Of all the candidates, there will only be one winner. That way, less populated areas have the same representative populous areas, and of course a lot of wasted votes. Because representatives to be selected is the one directly, then the voters get along with his deputy.

Ø  Excess Election District system

1.       This system stimulates the integration between the parties, which contested the seat of power due to only one.

2.       The split of the party and the formation of new parties could be inhibited, the party could even encourage simplification naturally.

3.       District is a small area, because the elected representatives will likely be recognized well by the community, and relationships with constituents become closer

4.       For a large party, it is easier to acquire a majority position in parliament.

5.       a limited number of parties led to political stability is achieved.

Ø  Weakness Ø District Election System

·         Wholesales more power because there are gaps percentage of votes obtained by the number of seats in political parties

·         small and minority party losers because this system led to a lot of wasted votes.

·         The system is less representative of the interests of heterogeneous and pluralistic society.

·         Members of Parliament elected tend to give priority to the interests of the region than the national interest.

Proportional System
The system looks at the number of people who were participants of the voters. Unlike the district system, voters are less representative of the close as the symbol of the representatives elected through the ballot only. Proportional system adopted by many multiparty states, such as Italy, Indonesia, Sweden, and the Netherlands.

Ø  Excess Proportional Electoral System

·         Assessed more representative of the popular vote because the vote the same party with the percentage of parliamentary seats.

·         Every vote counted and none had wasted so small and minority parties have the opportunity to gain a voice and place representatives in parliament. This system is considered more representative pluralist and heterogeneous society.

Ø  Lack Proportional System

·         The proportional system is less supportive of the integration of political parties. The number of parties that inhibit integration more and more parties.

·         Representative of less close to their constituents, but closer to the party. This provides a strong position on the board of the party leaders to determine their representatives in parliament.

·         The number of parties competing causes difficulties for a party to become the majority. This causes difficulty in achieving political stability in the parliament, because the party must rely on the coalition.